“This life” is the moment we were given now, and this is what determines how quickly we arrive at the good future. It depends on how much we can help one another reach it and the more we help one another, the faster we reach the goal.
Correct, but not “sin” per se. Any suffering we experience is an indication we are not adhered to the thought of creation–meaning we don’t know, don’t feel and don’t understand or realize the purpose of that given moment and how I need to contribute to the purpose of creation.
That’s what the “human” degree is. It’s how it’s translated–“Adam“, man, in Hebrew. “Adam” from “דומה”–Domeh or “similar”–meaning “similar” to the Creator.
It’s a process. You’ll need to always make adjustments. Nothing is consistent except the direction which is: deeper into society, more self-annulment and greater importance of the goal.
I believe you’re referring to “health” in the physical sense, to your body. Happiness is more of a general, overall sense of how you interpret reality. Sure one is “happy” if they’re not suffering, or they could be suffering yet still happy because their goal in life is not to enjoy, but something about the natural will to receive.